The Central Intelligence Agency, known by the acronym CIA is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government responsible for investigating and providing national security information to the senators that country. The CIA also engages in covert activities at the request of President of the United States.
It is the successor to the Strategic Services Agency, formed during World War II (1939-1945) to coordinate espionage activities between the branches of the United States Armed Forces.
The primary function of the CIA is to collect information about foreign governments, corporations and individuals, and to advise public policy. The agency conducts covert operations and paramilitary actions, and exerts influence on foreign policy through its Special Activities Division.
The CIA and its responsibilities changed significantly in 2004. Prior to December 2004, the CIA was the principal organization of US government intelligence, who coordinated and oversaw not only its own activities but also the activities of the Intelligence Community US as a whole. Preventive law the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism 2004 created the position of Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who took some of the government and IC-range of functions. The DNI manages the IC and therefore the intelligence cycle. The functions that moved to the DNI included the preparation of consolidated opinion of estimates of the IC 16 agencies, and preparing briefings for the president of the United States.
History
The agency was established in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman (1884-1972) by a government pact of Homeland Security to meet a strategic need due to the onset of the Cold War and the advance of communism.
The foreign espionage, stealing the technology area projects, armaments and information leakage brought about the need to monitor and report on all matters relating to national security to the President, seeking the best possible way to intervene and counteract the negative effects from external threats.
To coordinate the activities of the Agency, there is a Central Directorate of Intelligence, whose function is to link the information community to the President of the United States, making counseling the best possible strategies and their consequences, in order to intervene, when necessary, in organizations or States that can cause injury to the United States.
The Kryptos sculpture in the field headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Powers
They are CIA assignments run the monitoring of foreign intelligence (foreign intelligence service) in an accurate, comprehensive and timely, providing national security topics.
Run disinformation activities, administering special activities and other functions related to foreign intelligence and national security, when ordered by the President.
To accomplish its mission, the CIA engages in research and development of technology for intelligence purposes. As an independent agency, the CIA serves as a source of data analysis, working with other organizations in the Intelligence Community and national security to ensure that the data collected come as accurately as possible the White House and the battlefield when needed.
Due to new global national security realities, the CIA is working with the creation of multidisciplinary groups giving priority to counter-terrorism, taking care of disinformation, curbing and combating organized crime and international drug trafficking, analyzing and monitoring the damage to the environment creating conditions for a stable security to the people of the United States, leading to the Intelligence Community analysis of all topics that affect national security.
Controversies and intelligence errors
THE CIA is often accused of involvement in the international drug trade in Asia (especially in Afghanistan and Vietnam) and Latin America (as illustrated by his long and controversial involvement with Manuel Noriega in Panama). The agency is proven to offer support and protection to the production and transportation of opium, heroin and cocaine on groups considered anti-(a fact widely documented in books like The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia of Alfred W. McCoy).
On August 24, 2009, documents describing part of the instructions of the CIA Torture Program been practiced since 2001, were released through a lawsuit initiated by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). The documents show, according to experts, several cases of violation of International Law and Treaties and of American laws. A criminal investigation into the activities of torture by the CIA was also initiated on August 24, 2009, by the US Attorney General, Eric Holder.
In 1993, the CIA's headquarters was attacked by Mir Aimal Kansi, and two CIA employees were killed - Frank Darling and Lansing Bennett.
Documents called "Family Jewels" (The "Family Jewels" in English) and other documents reveal various illegal activities including CIA involvement in domestic law enforcement activities, of which the CIA is prohibited by law to participate.
The CIA has been involved in various illegal activities of research in humans with devastating results for their victims (Project MKULTRA).
Recently the CIA has been involved in a number of disputes linked to torture and murders both in Guantanamo, Cuba, as called the "black holes".
Involvement in Coup
Joint deposition of elected leaders in several countries in Latin America;
Deposition of Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, Prime Minister of Iran and the coup that takes the Shah to power in 1953;
Financing of opponents of the regime of Salvador Allende, favoring the military coup of September 11, 1973 in Chile which led to the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet subsequently prosecuted for crimes against humanity and other coups in Latin America;
Involvement with the military coup in Brazil, on 1 April 1964 KGB in Brazil).
Financing Nicaraguan contras including using money from cocaine trafficking;
Anti-Soviet actions in Afghanistan, having armed the Taliban (and trained Osama Bin Laden);
Assassination of political leaders and leftists as was the case with Che Guevara;
Manufacture of false evidence on the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq in order to create the justifications for the war in Iraq;
Torture of innocents that the CIA has labeled as terrorists of Al Qaeda and whose charges were later verified to be false;
Setting up secret bases in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa to torture and disappearance of prisoners of war in patent violation of International Law (torture is a crime against humanity);
Bin trail loss Laden and other leaders of Al Qaeda and Taliban;
Creation of a network of clandestine flights to transport to torture sites of several individuals that the CIA accused terrorists;
Recent revelations that the CIA Congress and Senate omitted the Americans information about creating a program of assassinations vigilant to be executed in any country and without any legal verification of such activities or intelligence involved in such executions.
On May 1, 2011 has confirmed the death of Osama Bin Laden.
Document signed by Donald Rumsfeld authorizing the advanced torture techniques
CIA involvement in torture
American psychologist Bruce Jessen an author of the program of enhanced interrogation techniques
According to ABC News, current and former officials teem CIA revealed details of the torture program created by the Bush administration and implemented by the CIA. Among the various torture techniques in order to "break" the prisoner, include: drowning, electric shocks, beatings, threats against the person and against the family, rape and threats of rape, and several others.
The CIA torture strategies were developed over years (see MKULTRA) and most recently led the work for the CIA from several professionals who have dedicated themselves to developing methods of torture. Among these stand out the military psychologists James Elmer Mitchell and Bruce Jessen who are currently under investigation.
The torture techniques used by the CIA are based, among others, in experiments conducted by psychologist Martin Seligman in which dogs were placed in cages and subjected to severe electrical shock to the point where the animals no longer had any ability to resist electric shocks . This torture technique was called "impotence in learning" ("learned helplessness.")
Many of the other torture techniques used by the CIA are degradation and humiliation in accordance with the Convention on Human Rights of the United Nations.
Involvement in experiments in humans
The CIA created and runs the illegal and clandestine program of experiments in humans, called MKULTRA.Foram performed without consent and most often without the knowledge of the victims, experiments on human beings were intended, among others, identify and develop drugs and procedures to be used in interrogations and torture in order to weaken the individual to force confessions through Mind Control Author and psychiatrist Harvey Weinstein established the direct relationship of the research on mind control made in England by psychiatrist british William Sargant, involved in the research MKULTRA in England, with Ewen Cameron's experiments in Canada also for MKULTRA. Ewen Cameron often with the collaboration of William Sargant, both of which were
linked to the CIA experiments.
Approval by Sidney Gottlieb to sub project using LSD.
The secret program began in the early 1950s and continued until at least the late 1960s.
There are researchers who say the program was probably just stopped or hidden, and continued clandestinely. As human guinea pigs, MKULTRA tests performed without consent on foreigners.
The CIA's illegal search was made public for the first time in 1975, when the realization by the American CIA research activities Congress by a commission of inquiry of Congress of the United States and by a Senate Committee. Inquiries were called Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission - Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission Parliamentary in Portuguese.
Investigations were hampered by the fact that, in 1973, considering the possibility of future research, then director of the CIA, Richard Helms ordered the destruction of all data and files linked to human experiments made during MKULTRA project.
Victor Marchetti, in an interview in 1977, specifically stated that the statements that the CIA would have abandoned the illegal activities of MKULTRA after inquiries, are in themselves one more way of covering up the secret and clandestine projects that the CIA continues to operate, being the own revelations of the MK-ULTRA project abandonment and subsequent statements would itself further steps to shift attention from other activities and covert operations not revealed by the Committees.
"The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed that over thirty (30) Universities and institutions participated in" tests and experiments "in a program that included the use of drugs in humans without the knowledge or consent of these people, both Americans and foreigners . Many of these tests included LSD administration to individuals in social situations that were unaware that they were being drugged and after the use of LSD without the consent of these people, they did not know they were under the influence of drugs. At least one death , the Dr. Olson, occurred as a result of these activities. The CIA itself says recognize that such experiments did little scientific sense. CIA agents who were monitoring such tests with drugs were not even qualified as scientists specializing in observing experiences "
To date, in 2014, the vast majority of more specific information about the MKULTRA project remains classified as secret.
Recent revelations of experiments on humans conducted by US agencies emerged in 2011 when it came to public knowledge that the US government secretly infected Guatemalans with syphilis. Orphans were deliberately infected, prostitutes, prisoners and military recruits also with gonorrhea and chancroid without the knowledge of the victims, to test penicillin treatment.
International influence
It is up to CIA effectively contribute to the global community intelligence (information), managing services of common interest, image analysis, collection and processing in a participatory manner data with other intelligence agencies (intelligence services) in research and development and technology.
Emphasizing adaptability in their approach, the CIA proposes to provide support to intelligence users, satisfying their warlike needs, when necessary, intervening or changing the social conditions of the nations involved in order to increase the protection of US national security.
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário