Ouro Preto- Minas Gerais- Brazil

Ouro Preto is a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is famous for its colonial architecture. It is located at latitude 20º23'08 "south, longitude 43º30'29" West and average altitude of 1179 meters. Its population of 70,227 inhabitants, according to the census of 2010 (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), is distributed in 34 272 men and 35 955 women. The city was founded in 1711 through the merger of several camps, founded by pioneers.

The Historic Town of Ouro Preto is located in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and was the first Brazilian site UNESCO World Heritage title he received in 1980.Foi considered state assets in 1933 and a national monument in 1938.

In the city, there are thirteen districts: Amarantina, Antonio Pereira, Cachoeira do Campo, Engineer Correia, Glaura, Lavras Novas, Miguel Burnier, Santa Rita de Ouro Preto, Santo Antonio do Leite, Santo Antonio do Salto, St. Bartholomew and Rodrigo Silva, beyond headquarters.



Before the arrival of European origin settlers in the sixteenth century, the entire region currently occupied by the state of Minas Gerais was inhabited by indigenous people who spoke languages of the Macro-Ge linguistic trunk.

From the sixteenth century, Portuguese and Tupi explorers from São Paulo, called pioneers, began to travel around the area of ​​the current state of Minas Gerais in search of gold, precious stones and Indian slaves. In the process, they decimated many indigenous nations of the region. In the late seventeenth century, it was finally discovered gold in the area, further increasing the influx of adventurers to the region. Meanwhile, the gold discoveries in the streams were still in the wilderness, bringing names such as Antonio Dias de Oliveira, Bartolomeu Bueno de Siqueira, Carlos Pedroso da Silveira and people coming from Bahia and Pernambuco and lighting ambitions overseas. Shipments sought now the Rio das Velhas (mainly São Paulo, who had accompanied the flag of Fernão Dias Pais and Castelo-Branco Rodrigo gift), now the Tripuí, which had already met the famous "black gold", marked by misty knoll peak Itacolomi, which began to sight soon transposed Itatiaia.

Guided by peaks that bristle the Ouro Branco saws, Itatiaia, Ouro Preto, Itacolomi, Waterfall, White House [disambiguation needed], Carmo Ribeirão etc., explorers followed, together or separately. Says Antonil that of the Serra do Itatiaia mine, namely the Ouro Branco (so called gold not well formed), far Ribeiro of the Ouro Preto eight days of moderate way to the dinner, it were not the case the Paulistas to have other trained and much better yield gold. According to José Rebelo Perdigão, secretary of the governor Artur de Sá and Menezes in 1695 and 1696 would have been discovered in this mountain, one gold-bearing stream to which later gave the name of South Gualacho but the Paulistas this flag Miguel Garcia They not refused to split the field with his fellow Taubaté, which, having then separated, taken march inland and discovered the river of Ouro Preto. Streams and Ouro Preto hills, today called the Passadez, Bom Sucesso, Fine Gold, Gold Bueno, were discoverers Antonio Dias, Taubaté, the priest João de Faria Fialho and Thomas Lopes de Camargo, cousin of the Itaverava Bartolomeu Bueno discoverer Siqueira.

The grounds there were "such requestadas so that for many people respond, can only play three fathoms on the court every miner," the historian Varnhagen. Names like Brumado, Sink [disambiguation needed], river Antonio Dias de Oliveira, by Father João de Faria Fialho and by Colonel Thomas Lopes de Camargo and his brother, circa 1698. The village was founded in 1652 by the joining of these various camps , becoming the county seat, with the designation of "Vila Rica".



The Mining Activity

The gold miner began arriving in Portugal in the late seventeenth century. In 1697, the French ambassador Rouille mentioned the arrival of gold "Peruvian" citing 115.2 kg. Godinho, without citing the source mentioned 725 kilograms for 1699 and 1701, the arrival of 1785 kilos. "Crown granted the charge discoveries an eighty-rods mine over forty and over a date sixty thirty on the same beta, both the choice interspersed between one and another 120 rods to be occupied by two smaller dates. The current calculation is equal to 80x40 = 3200 square rods, or 3.72 square meters; 60x30 = 1800 square fathoms, or 2178 square meters In current flowing waters and in broken hills, the discoverer of the share was. Sixty long sticks by twelve broad, encased in midstream or broken, with the each of adventurous a third lower if the river was large, touching the discoverer eighty rods and over sixty In smaller mines. in the hills, fields or the edges of rivers, were thirty square rods the date of the discoverer and twenty other if the area does not come to all applicants, the Ombudsman was split dates proportion ".

It was not easy nor equitable distribution because sometimes very rich alluvial deposits were exploited along a narrow watercourse water and thus mineral wealth was not evenly distributed. The law of the time, the lord of the soil and subsoil was the king, but he could not work the land and gave the portions in particular to explore through in the outcome, which was the "enfitêutica board" due to the landlord. The portion was twenty percent = the fifth = whose history is the history of Minas Gerais, according to its historian Diogo de Vasconcelos. For the collection, in each district there was a guard with chief clerk, treasurer and officials. "They considered themselves new just the distant half lavras league from some mining already known, so that the ambitious departed from them to fit in perks, manifests multiplying and their exploiters without warranty of life, the pioneers practiced homosexuality to kill the longing for sex. having to dig in the workplace, raising shelters or taking advantage of the mouths of mines, contributing to the spread of settlements. "

They came artisans of various trades, the Ouro Preto camp and the camp of Antonio Dias, in Caquende, Good Success, Pass-Ten, Sierra and Taquaral, building chapels, dwelling houses and manufacturing tools. Everywhere it was overturned and searched the sand from rivers and the land of mountains, rising up tents near auriferous land, Paulistas camps beginning to populate the interior of the earth which is now Minas Gerais. They are organized after the villages around temporary chapels, to the "great famine".
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                                               View of Ouro Preto.

Culture and heritage

Facade of the Church of St. Francis of Assisi.
The city became known as an "open air museum", preserving a large core of essentially intact colonial houses, prestigious throughout Brazil and even abroad, both the historical city was declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site, where the organization emphasized the authenticity, integrity and originality of its urban landscape, qualified as a human genius work, its historical importance as headquarters of the Conspiracy and a thriving cultural center, and the relief of its main religious monuments, which acted masters of paramount importance as Aleijadinho and Athayde, who left works that stand as the first signs of a genuine Brazilianness.

Their churches have become particularly famous, many of them richly decorated and superlative importance of art and history, which includes, for example, the churches of St. Francis of Assisi, the Pilar Matrix, the Church of Our Lady of Conception of Antonio Dias, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel, the Our Lady of the Rosary of Black Men and the Chapel of Padre Faria.

Ouro Preto also stands out for its cultural activity. Every year, it hosts the Ouro Preto and Mariana Winter Festival - Forum of Arts. In 2010, the Festival honored Master Ataide, great influence on the Baroque painter of Minas Gerais. Ouro Preto and Mariana received attractions like Roberta Sá, 14 Bis, Sá and Guarabira, Gabriel, the Thinker and Chico César.


Cultural activities such as theater, music, crafts, literature, round table discussions and lectures on the environment and encourage reading to children also entered the festival calendar. Also has the largest Student Carnival in Brazil, where the festivities are organized by the residents of the Student Republics.

museums

House of Tales
The city has institutions that keep various collections as Museum of Reductions, Tea Museum, Museum of Science and Technique of the Mining School, Museum of Conspiracy, Music Museum, Tales House Museum, Ludo Museum, Oratory Museum, Museum Casa Guignard , Pharmacia Museum, Museum of Sacred Art of Pilar Museum Open Viva City and Aleijadinho Museum in addition to the Gold Museum, which are found various gemstones.

ecotourism

Despite having most of the heavy tourist flow focused on architecture and historical significance, the city has a rich and varied ecosystem around it, with waterfalls, secular trails and a huge area of native forest, which was fortunate to be protected the establishment of State Parks. The latest of these is located near the St. Bartholomew district.

Geography

It has an area of 1 245.114 km².

Average elevation: 1116 meters. The highest point is the Itacolomi Peak, with 1722 meters.

Rios: Rio das Velhas of springs, Piracicaba, North Gualaxo, South Gualaxo, Mainart and Ribeirão funnel.

Climate: Tropical altitude (Cwa, according to the climatic classification of Köppen), characteristic of the mountainous regions, with rainfall during the months from December to March and occasional frost in June and July. There is a snowfall reported in the city in 1843.