Animal Communication

There are numerous forms of communication in the animal kingdom. Whales make sounds continuously and some are captured dozens of kilometers. Dolphins also have a form of language.

Communicate

Animals are able to communicate with other beings of their environment and may interfere with their behavior. Communication is performed by the same ratio and coordination systems.

In some animals there are organs specially adapted to communication, as the syrinx of birds (corner organ) and the vocal folds of mammals (organs of the human voice). Animals, however, can communicate with ultrasonic (inaudible to humans) or producing substances. Examples of communication systems are widely varied.


The ability to communicate is not restricted to animals living in society or gregarious groupings.



chemical communication

Pheromones are substances produced by the exocrine glands of certain animals which, when released into the external environment, influence the behavior of other individuals of the same species. They can be recorded by means of smell or body surface; They can also that these substances are ingested with food.


Pheromones of bees

Bees produce several different pheromones. Queens secrete a substance with two functions: to prevent ovarian development of worker bees, keeping them sterile (each hive has one queen, the only fertile female), and attract the drones during mating flight, the only time they mate. Throughout his life, the queen produces up to about 1 SOO eggs daily. Another type of pheromone secreted by worker bees, informs other workers encounter a food source.

                   


Gestural communication

Gestural communication of lobos.Esse type of communication does not need words; often, a simple gesture is enough that the caller understands the message. The face of mammals is the body part that contains more individual muscles and is also one of the regions with many nerve endings, In face lies much of the gestural communication.

Invertebrates also communicate through body movements. To make honey, worker bees leave in search of pollen from flowers of the surroundings; for this, some exploratory send that recognize the terrain and locate clusters of flowers more productive. Back to the hive, perform complicated "dances" and communicate sara her companions the exact direction in which the flowers are. This is very important for two reasons: first, because the information is presented in the form of -m angle during the dance (it is a complex concept); second, because bees are invertebrate animals and their nervous system is less developed than that of vertebrates.

            

On many occasions, the animal uses his whole body to communicate. Several species of birds present court dances throughout mating. The male usually: in colorful plumage and performs a series of movements that can draw the attention of the female. Succeeding, the female match, joining him on the dance, which may last several hours in some species.


Sound communication

The sound provides the communication of accurate messages. Barking, roaring, buzzing, chirping, crickets corners and whales are signs that indicate something concrete. Birds, during the cutting, emit specific songs that draw attention of females and communicated to the other males who do not approach,

These forms of communication are not a language in the strict sense. The human species has language, made up of complex sounds. Some chimps in captivity come to learn sign language of the deaf and dumb, but not articulate words. Human language is a sign of human evolution, that is, the acquisition of complex skills, typical of the species.

There apes are able to learn some signs of the language of deaf-mutes or recognize words. None, however, can speak a unique ability of the human species.

Ultrasound

There are many animals capable of transmitting and capturing ultrasound, that is, sounds whose frequency is so high that it exceeds the capacity of human hearing. The best known examples are the dolphins, which use these sounds to communicate; bats use the ultrasound as a means of orientation in the dark.

Emit ultrasound that are different obstacles, and then reflected. The animal receives the echo whose intensity is lower than that of the emission.


Intensity difference function, the bat is able to detect the position of the obstacle or prey.