As the date of return of the Brazilian contingent in Minustah approaches, the writing went to Haiti and found that they are not the only ones leaving the country.
Data from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Institute for Migration Policy (MPI) show that 80% of young people with higher education diplomas plan to migrate from Haiti.
The overall rating also impresses: 60% of Haitians say they would like to migrate if they have the chance.
Historically concentrated in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Canada and the United States, Haitians begin to form communities in non-traditional countries.
In Chile there are already 18 thousand, in Brazil 67 thousand added the legal and the estimates of the undocumented. According to the former special representative of the General Secretariat and former head of the Office of the Organization of American States (OAS) in Haiti, Ricardo Seitenfus, "the Haitian land has always had a characteristic of expelling its children from the country soil since the time from independence to the recent rare moments of democracy and stability, "even serving as a justification for the beginning of Minustah.
The diplomatic rapprochement between Haiti and the mission countries - mostly Latin American - has, however, caused the new exodus to the southern part of the globe.
Bonds in the granting of stay visas offered after the January 2010 earthquake that killed more than 300,000 Haitians made South America a dream for much of the population.
"There was no periodic migration [to South America], only to neighboring islands and the USA." There is now a targeting especially to Chile and Brazil. There was a Haitian eldorado in 2012, 2013, although it became a nightmare as we entered. Brazil] in crisis, "Seitenfus told the newsroom.
The profile of the Haitian migrant
There are different groups coming out of Haiti. While those who are studying continue to pursue their studies on American or European soil, Brazil has received low education since 2014, occupying vacancies in service sectors in the Southeast and South of the country.
The Haitian Faradjine Alfred, 26, is an example. He speaks five languages (French, Creole, English, Spanish, Portuguese), understands three (German, Mandarin and Italian), graduated in Linguistics from the State University of Haiti and has a master's degree from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Formed four years ago, she has not been able to get any formal jobs in her own country.
"We young people do not have opportunities, it is very difficult to get a decent job in Haiti," he complains. In a dead end, Faradjine has already decided: in 2018 he intends to move to Europe or the United States, although the ease with Portuguese also makes him consider Brazil even amid the political and economic crisis.
Is it the case of working on the attraction of skilled Haitian migration? Experts differ. According to Karine de Souza Silva, the coordinator of the Center for Research and Postcolonial and Postcolonial Practices applied to International Relations and International Law (Eirenè) at UFSC, there is a lack of structure for Brazilian universities to co-opt this public. Although Santa Catarina is one of the states with the highest concentration of Haitians, few are those who reach the state with a diploma.
"We continue to receive young, under-trained men who come to work and bring in the family. We have been receiving Haitian students at the university for three years, we have had 25 of them, but they graduate and most leave because there is no structure to offer courses in others If Brazil wants to receive this skilled workforce, it should also simplify the process of validating the diploma, which is expensive and time-consuming, "she says.
Already Seitenfus thinks that if he wants to contribute to the improvement of Haiti, Brazil can not undertake the "brain drain" of the country. "It is vital to create conditions in Haiti for Haitians to remain in their national territory.
Until we help build a functional state, with possibilities for employability and strong private initiative, we will see the situation worsen, "he criticizes.
Who decided to come back
The amount is still timid, but some Haitians, after graduating and with stabilized living conditions, resolve to return to the country. There are no numbers, but there are examples. This is the case of the administrator Savela Jacques Berenji, 36 years.
In spite of her parents' profession, a carpenter and a seamstress, she had access to the best Haitian schools, graduated from the Haitian Institute of Commercial Sciences, and is a master at Social Change in Peacebuilding at Future Generations University in Virginia, United States. Trained in India, Kenya and Haiti itself. Even with generous offers to work overseas, he decided to make a difference in his own country.
"We have worked in favelas, provinces, disadvantaged districts and was filled with ideology and hope, which led me to return to Haiti to put my whole soul at the service of the population and to help Haitians become autonomous ", account.
Since 2012, Savela is the director of an NGO that works with community empowerment, leadership building, and crime reduction through sports. She says she does not pretend to see big changes during her life, which is why she prepares her 12-year-old daughter Ayla Berenji to take the baton when she is older. Even at a young age, Ayla speaks 5 languages fluently.
"I prepare her for a great future in Haiti.I hope she can study at a good university in France or Canada, perhaps in England.If after her studies she did not return to Haiti to bring back what she had learned, I lost money in their education, "he says.
Savela need not worry. Well articulated, the girl says she is aware of the privileges she has to attend a good private school. She does not even think about living outside Haiti. "Of course I'm going to return, I want to continue my mother's dream of improving lives in the communities."
It may be early to use the examples as a breath of a country that urgently needs skilled labor for its construction. Although there are no global figures, a survey by the Schomburg Center for Black Culture Research has indicated that 7,000 Haitians will migrate permanently to the United States this year alone.
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